• Rakuten average gross margin for 2016-06-30 was 0%, a 0% decline from 2016-09-30.
• Rakuten average gross margin for 2016-09-30 was 0%, a 0% decline from 2016-12-31.
• Rakuten average gross margin for 2016-12-31 was 0%, a 0% decline from 2017-03-31.

Gross margin can be defined as a company's total sales revenue minus its cost of goods sold, divided by the total sales revenue, expressed as a percentage.